Labor Relations Alternatives (LRA) Investigations Practice Test

Hearsay is the main concept here. In court, a statement made outside the current proceedings is generally not allowed to prove what it says, because the person who made the statement isn’t available for cross-examination and its reliability can’t be tested. The rule exists to protect the accuracy of what’s admitted, and there are many recognized exceptions that let certain out-of-court statements in.

Expert testimony is allowed when the witness is properly qualified and the methods underpinning the opinion are reliable. Lay opinion or perception-based statements are also admissible if they help the fact-finder understand the testimony. Background information obtained from interviews isn’t a separate category of evidence; its admissibility depends on whether it’s offered for the truth of the content (which would raise hearsay concerns) and whether it fits any exception or foundation rules.